Therapeutic concentrations of calcineurin inhibitors do not deregulate glutathione redox balance in human renal proximal tubule cells.
The calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) cyclosporine A and tacrolimus comprise the basis of immunosuppressive regimes in all solid organ transplantation.However, long-term or high exposure to CNI leads to histological and functional renal damage (CNI-associated nephrotoxicity).In the kidney, proximal tubule cells are the only cells that metabolize CNI and